Koch Membrane Systems” MegaMagnum reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) systems are designed for industrial and municipal applications.The systems are based on spiral-wound membrane elements that are intended to reduce the complexity, footprint, and installation time of municipal and industrial water treatment systems. According to KMS, the systems require only half the area of floor space compared to a conventional eight-inch rack and use only one-seventh the amount of elements to produce the same volume and quality of water as conventional RO system operating at similar fluxes and pressures. Each element contains the equivalent membrane area as over seven standard eight-inch elements, allowing for an 80 percent reduction in the required number of interconnectors and o-rings. The pre-engineered packaged skids are designed to facilitate installation and start-up when schedules are tight. Four configurations are available, with nominal flow capacities ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 million gallons per day. To accommodate shipment and installation restrictions, the systems are mounted on one or two skids, depending on the capacity. Each plant is supplied with a device easy loading and unloading of the large elements.