One of the most pronounced trends in the flowmeter market today is the move from traditional meter types to new technologies. As a result, Coriolis, magnetic, ultrasonic, vortex, and thermal flowmeters are supplanting differential- pressure (DP), positive- displacement (PD), and turbine systems in many applications. This trend has been ongoing for at least 10 years.
What new-technology flowmeters have in common is that they are less intrusive, more accurate, and more reliable than most traditional-technology meters. During a time when some companies are facing engineering staff reductions, end-users are increasingly looking for "set it and forget it" flow measurement systems. Even though some new-technology flowmeters, such as Coriolis and ultrasonic, have a higher purchase price than many traditional meters, end-users recognize the payoff such systems offer in terms of higher performance and reduced maintenance. When specifying new flow measurement equipment, end-users have come to realize that it is more important to look at total cost of ownership rather than just purchase price, and this is leading to the use of new-technology flowmeters in more applications.
The Ultrasonic Flowmeter Boom
The ultrasonic and Coriolis flowmeter markets are two of the fastest growing flowmeter segments. The ultrasonic market in particular has shown rapid growth over the past five years. In 2002, the size of the worldwide ultrasonic flowmeter market was $255 million, according to a study by Flow Research (www.flowresearch.com). By 2007, this market had increased to $440 million, and statistics compiled by Flow Research show ultrasonic meters now account for more than 10 percent of the revenues generated by the entire worldwide flowmeter market.
There are multiple reasons for the growth in the ultrasonic flowmeter market. One is that some of the leading suppliers in this market have been acquired by larger companies with deeper pockets. For example, in July 2002, GE Power Systems acquired Panametrics. The Panametrics product line is now part of GE’s GE Sensing (www.gesensing.com) business unit. In May 2006, Siemens (www.siemens.com) purchased Controlotron, a supplier of clamp-on ultrasonic meters. Instromet (www.instrometinc.com), a supplier of ultrasonic flowmeters for custody transfer of natural gas, was acquired by Ruhrgas (www.eonruhrgas.com), a German company, and subsequently absorbed into the Elster Group (www.elster.com) along with American Meter (www.americanmeter.com). More recently, in January 2007, Cameron Measurement Systems (www.c-a-m.com) purchased Caldon, a recognized supplier of ultrasonic flowmeters to the nuclear industry.
The net result of all this acquisition activity is that a large number of new ultrasonic flowmeter products have been brought into the market in the past several years. This is true both in gas flow measurement and liquid flow measurement. There has especially been a lot of activity in the market for custody transfer of natural gas. The leading suppliers to this market include Instromet, Emerson Process Management, Daniel Division (www.daniel.com), and SICK MAIHAK (www.sickmaihak.com). FMC Technologies (www.fmctechnologies.com) is also active in this space.
The upswing in use of ultrasonic flowmeters for custody-transfer applications is due in large part to a June 1998 report by the American Gas Association (www.aga.org). This report, called AGA-9, details criteria for the use of multipath ultrasonic flowmeters for custody transfer of natural gas. AGA-9 provides objective guidelines for both buyers and sellers to employ when transferring ownership of natural gas. The ultrasonic flowmeter market is still benefiting from the publication of this standard, which was first published 10 years ago.
On the liquid side, approvals for ultrasonic flowmeters have taken longer to materialize. However, the American Petroleum Institute (API, www.api.org) has issued a draft standard for the use of ultrasonic flowmeters in the custody transfer of hydrocarbon liquids. This has helped spur new product development around ultrasonic flowmeters for liquid applications. One example is KROHNE (www.krohne.com), which previously manufactured the ALTOSONIC V, a five-path meter for liquid flow measurement, and has since released the ALTOSONIC III, a more economical meter with three paths.
Another company that is active in the liquid ultrasonic market is Faure Herman (www.faureherman.com). Faure Herman supplies an 18-path ultrasonic flowmeter for liquid applications. Faure Herman was acquired by IDEX Corporation (www.idexcorp.com) in February 2007. Other companies that are active in the liquid ultrasonic market include Emerson Daniel, FMC Technologies, and Thermo Fisher Scientific (www.thermofisher.com).
Unique Advantages
Ultrasonic flowmeters have some unique advantages that set them apart from other flowmeters. One advantage is that many ultrasonic flowmeters come in a clamp-on style. Clamp-on meters are mounted on the outside of the pipe, meaning there is no intrusion into the pipe. A disadvantage of this method is that the pipe wall can have an impact on the ultrasonic signal, and the properties of the pipe wall may not always be known. While this can reduce the accuracy of the measurement, clamp-on meters are popular for check metering, which uses one flowmeter to check the performance of another. Clamp-on meters can easily be moved from place to place as needed.
Ultrasonic flowmeters are also unique in that they have one or more paths. Typically, ultrasonic flowmeters operate by sending a signal from one side of a pipe to the other and back again. When the signal travels with the flow, it moves more rapidly than it would under conditions of no flow. When the signal travels against the flow, the signal slows down. The difference between the two transit times is proportional to flowrate. Ultrasonic flowmeter suppliers have been able to improve on measurement accuracy by building flowmeters with more than one path. Highly accurate results can be obtained with four, five, or six paths. However, some suppliers offer meters with more paths. Cameron Measurement Systems, formerly Caldon, offers an eight-path meter for liquid applications. And, as noted earlier, Faure Herman’s ultrasonic flowmeter features 18 paths.
Looking Ahead
While transit-time meters account for the vast majority of ultrasonic measurement systems on the market today, Doppler meters remain a good fit for measuring the flow of dirty liquids. Doppler meters do not typically achieve the same accuracy as transit-time meters, but they offer an important solution, as measuring dirty liquids, or liquids with entrained particles, is difficult. Recognizing the importance of this measurement, suppliers of transit-time meters are working to improve their technology to better support dirty flow applications. This could further diminish the role of Doppler technology in the coming years.
Besides liquid and gas, ultrasonic flowmeters are now also used for steam flow measurement. Steam flow measurement is a new frontier for both ultrasonic and Coriolis flowmeters. Currently, the large majority of steam flows are measured with DP and vortex flowmeters. Going forward, look for more product development in the area for ultrasonic and Coriolis.
Over the past 10 years, ultrasonic flowmeters have evolved from niche flow measurement solution to the mainstream. Ultrasonic meters are now produced by some of the largest flowmeter manufacturers. Look for continued dramatic growth in this market, along with a steady stream of new products for liquid, gas, and steam flow applications.
Jesse Yoder, Ph.D., is the president of Flow Research Inc. (Wakefield, Mass.), a company he founded in 1998. He has 20 years of experience as an analyst and writer in process control. Dr. Yoder specializes in flowmeters and other field devices, including pressure, level, and temperature products. He has written over 100 market research studies in industrial automation and control and has published numerous journal articles. For more information on the ultrasonic flowmeter market, visit Flow Research’s Web portal www.FlowUltrasonic.com. Dr. Yoder can be reached at [email protected] or 781 245-3200.
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The material for this article was abstracted from Flow Research’s "The World Market for Ultrasonic Flowmeters, 3rd Edition." For more information on this study, visit www.FlowUltrasonic.com.
Jesse Yoder
Jesse Yoder, Ph.D., is president of Flow Research Inc. He has 30 years of experience as an analyst and writer in instrumentation. Yoder holds two U.S. patents on a dual-tube meter design and is the author of "The Tao of Measurement," published by ISA. He may be reached at [email protected]. Find more information on the latest study from Flow Research, "The World Market for Gas Flow Measurement, 4th Edition," at www.gasflows.com.
